Orhan Pamuk (the 2006 Nobel laureaute in literature) describes the city of Istanbul as a series of conflicting realities. He in effect categorizes these conflicts as paradoxes, doubles, ambiguities, and opposites.
Does the city exist as a manifold of oppositions, contradictions...how are these differences expressed and what can they mean?
Do these differences say something about the identity (identities) of the city?
See Finding Identity within an Image:
http://trailercity.lefora.com/2008/11/05/finding-identity-within-the-image/page1/